Non functional Adrenal Tumour

Non-functional adrenal tumors are neoplasms that arise from the adrenal glands but do not produce excess hormones. Unlike functional adrenal tumors, which secrete hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, or catecholamines, non-functional tumors typically do not lead to any endocrine symptoms. Here are some key points about non-functional adrenal tumors:

Types

• Adrenal Adenomas: Benign tumours that can be non-functional.

• Adrenal Carcinomas: Malignant tumours that may also be non-functional.

• Adrenal Metastases: Tumors that have spread to the adrenal glands from other sites in the body.

  
  

Symptoms

Many patients with non-functional adrenal tumours are asymptomatic and may discover the tumour incidentally during imaging studies for other reasons. However, larger tumours may cause:

• Abdominal pain or discomfort

• Weight loss

• Fatigue

  
  

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:

• History and physical examinations

• Imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs to visualize the tumor.

• Biochemical tests to rule out hormone production.

• Histological examination through biopsy if necessary.

  
  

Treatment

Treatment options depend on the size, type, and behaviour of the tumour:

• Observation: Small (less than 3.5 cm), benign and non functional tumours may simply be monitored over time.

• Surgery: Surgical removal is often recommended for larger (more than 3.5 cm) or malignant tumours.

• Adjuvant Therapy: In cases of adrenal carcinoma, additional therapies such as chemotherapy or radiation may be considered.

  
  

Prognosis

The prognosis for non-functional adrenal tumours varies widely based on factors such as tumour type, size, and whether it is benign or malignant. Regular follow-up and monitoring are essential for managing these tumours effectively.

Conclusion

Non-functional adrenal tumours are generally less urgent than their functional counterparts but still require careful evaluation and management to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

2 cm Non Functioning Left Adrenal Tumour