Thyroid Swelling (Goitre)

A thyroid nodule or swelling is a growth or lump in the thyroid gland, which is located at the front of the neck. These nodules can be solid or filled with fluid (cysts) and are relatively common. While most thyroid nodules are benign, a small percentage can be cancerous.

Types of Thyroid Nodules

• Benign Nodules: Non-cancerous growths that do not pose a health risk.

• Malignant Nodules: Cancerous growths that require medical intervention.

• Colloid Nodules: Often benign and filled with colloid, a substance produced by thyroid cells.

• Cystic Nodules: Fluid-filled sacs that can be benign but may require monitoring.

Symptoms

• Visible lump in the neck

• Difficulty swallowing or breathing

• Changes in voice

• Pain in the neck

• Hyperthyroid symptoms (if the nodule is producing excess thyroid hormone)

Diagnosis

• Physical examination

• Ultrasound imaging

• Thyroid function tests (TSH, T3, T4)

• Fine-needle aspiration biopsy

Treatment Options

• Observation: Regular monitoring for benign nodules.

• Medication: For hyperthyroid symptoms if applicable.

• Surgery: May be necessary for malignant nodules or large benign nodules causing symptoms.

Conclusion

Thyroid nodules are common and often benign. However, it is important to monitor them and consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and management, especially if any concerning symptoms arise.